Vol. 11, Issue 5 (2022)

Author(s):
Nabakishor Nongmaithem, Dayananda Sanjenbam, Jeti Konsam and LNK Singh and Thiyam Rebika Devi

Abstract:
In Manipur, maize is the second most important crop next to rice and used both for direct consumption and as well as feed ingredients for piggery and poultry farming. Survey was conducted to determine the level of infection by various pathogens in maize and to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of maize diseases in Manipur. A total of 50 farmer field were randomly selected from five districts viz. Thoubal, Imphal East, Imphal West, Churachandpur and Senapati district of Manipur during cropping season of 2018 and 2019 for kharif season. Five quadrants were examined per farmers’ field for estimation of maize diseases incidence and severity infestation. The diseases were divided into Traces (<10%), Low (10-20%), Moderate (20-40%), High (40-60%) and Severe (60% <) according to the percentage of infection. Both years of kharif surveyed data were analyzed and expressed using simple percentage. Results revealed that the dominant maize diseases were caused by Exserohilum turcicum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Puccinia sorghi pathogen. Maize disease incidence of E.turcicum were ranged from 51.0 to 70.0%, Thanatephorus cucumeris30-63%, Puccinia sorghi 12.5-50.0%, Dickeya zeae 20-30%, Physoderma maydis 20-30%, Ustilago maydis 16-25% and Puccinia polysora 8-11%. Incidence of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Peronosclerospora sorghi, Ustilaginoidea virens, Macrophomina phaseolina and Curvularia lunata were reported in traces. Among twelve identified diseases Turcicum leaf blight (TLB), Banded leaf and sheath Blight (BLSB), Common Rust (CR) were recorded as major disease. Incidence of Bacterial stalk rot, Brown spot, Flag smut and Polysora rust were found moderate while incidence of Maydis leaf blight, Downy mildew, False head smut, Charcoal stalk rot, Curvularia leaf spot were found as minor important.