Vol. 11, Issue 6 (2022)

Author(s):
Riya Mehta

Abstract:
Osteoporosis is a prevalent chronic condition marked by a loss of bone mineral density, decreased bone strength, and a higher risk of fragility fractures. Fragility fractures are linked to a high rate of morbidity, death, and disability, and are a serious public health concern across the world. Nutritional variables can have a considerable impact on the development and course of this illness, however this is still unknown. Bone metabolism equilibrium is thought to be dependent on calcium intake and vitamin D levels. The proper consumption of calcium, vitamins, protein, fruits, vegetables, and other nutrients is also important and expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines have set recommendations. Although some dietary patterns appear to be advantageous, further research is required to completely understand the exact impact of nutrition on bone fragility. As the rate of incident fragility fractures climbs with age, so does the rate of osteoporosis. This narrative review discusses the physiological mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis and how they relate to management and therapy. Traditional osteoporosis pathophysiology theories centered on endocrine pathways including oestrogen and vitamin D insufficiency, as well as secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, recent research has revealed fascinating new insights into the processes that contribute to the start of osteoporosis that go well beyond this. This review examines a number of pathways, including interactions between bone and the immune system, the gut microbiota, and cellular senescence.