Vol. 11, Issue 6 (2022)

Author(s):
Tajalee Gulshan, Akhil Verma, Liyaqat Ayoub, Jyoti Sharma, Tamanna Sharma, Anil Bhadu and Bhim Singh

Abstract:
As modern agriculture relies heavily on synthetic chemical fertilizers, environmental problems have increased, including greenhouse effect, soil erosion, and air and water pollution. In addition, it is important that in a global context sustainable agricultural practices, that is, processes that require less energy and have less impact on the environment, can be used to produce much-needed food for growing populations. As a result, bio fertilizers, which include bacteria, fungi, and algae, have been proposed as they provide possible solutions for large-scale natural, eco-friendly, and economical agricultural practices, while maintaining soil structure. and biodiversity. Microbial bio fertilizers improve plant growth by improving the absorption or availability of plant nutrients, in addition to bringing nutrients to the soil. Bio fertilizers primarily increase nutrition by regulating atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and producing chemicals that promote plant growth. Rhizobia and other types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria are used to promote the growth of legumes and other plants. In addition, both blue-green algae (BGA) and Azolla contribute to the nitrogen budget for active farming. Many plants rely on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to absorb phosphorus and other nutrients. Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen, such as Azotobacter and Azospirillum, can increase the solubility and availability of phosphorus in plants, and consequently plant production. Azospirillum also has other benefits, such as its ability to produce chemicals that promote growth, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. Therefore, using microbial bio fertilizer is a viable option.