Vol. 11, Issue 7 (2022)

Author(s):
Aman Bishnoi, Dr. Rubina Gill and Ujjwal Bishnoi

Abstract:
Stomata are the important structure on the leaves. They play an important role in the plant. Major part gaseous exchange and photosynthesis. In each stomata(open) has the two kidney/bean shaped guard cells. In the terrestrial plants approx. 97% of the transpiration take places from the lower surface of the plants. According to the distribution, no. of stomata, daily movement there are several types of stomata. Stomata size is varying from 20-50 µm long & density in range from 50 to 300mm^-2. Stomata present on both surface of leaves or in woody plant on one side only but in woody plant like willow & poplar stomata is present on the both side of the surface. In submerged plant stomata is absent. Stomata arrangement is differed in the plants. In Monocotyledon plant stomata on the leaves are more or about similar in no. on the both surface of leaves but in Dicotyledon more stomata on the lower surface of the leaf. Xerophytes having more number of stomata than mesophytes. In tree and shrubs having higher stomata frequency than herbs. The largest stomata in size in order is: Triticum sativum, Avena sativa, Chrysanthemum frutescence etc. In general stomatal frequency & stomata size is inversely proportional. In Poaceae Guard cells are larger & avg. cell length on adaxial surface (55.86µm) is greater than abaxial surface (30.96 µm).