Vol. 11, Issue 7 (2022)

Author(s):
Mithun Tarafdar, Vijay Bahadur, Shilpa Rana and Ravi Kumar Singh

Abstract:
Plant growth and crop yield are majorly affected by cold, drought, salt, and heavy metals. A biotic stress impacts plants to molecular levels from morphological levels and is visible at all phases of plant development where drought occurs. There are three significant stages of plant: vegetative development, pre-anthesis and terminal phase that are impacted by the drought. Plant physiological reactions to stress include wilting of the leaf, abscission of the leaf, decreased leaf region and decreased water loss through transpiration. Under drought stress, crop development facilitates the issue of extreme water use in agriculture to a big extent. Turgor pressure is decreased, which is one of the most delicate Physiological mechanisms that cause cell growth. Thus this review paper describes how different a biotic stresses can pose deleterious impacts on plant photosynthetic machinery including cellular membranes, cell division and cell elongation, biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, as well as electron transport chain. It is important to understand the detrimental impacts of various a biotic stresses for better stress management because a comprehensive understanding of plant responses has pragmatic implication for remedies and management.