Vol. 11, Issue 9 (2022)

Author(s):
Ekta Omkar Singh

Abstract:
Live beneficial bacteria are referred to as probiotics. These probiotics may offer nutritional benefits due to their variety of beneficial properties. When properly controlled, they also contribute to health. Strong human health improvement is demonstrated by probiotic strains. Since humans have been consuming curd and buttermilk, among other fermented milk products, probiotics have been a staple in our homes. However, their link to health benefits didn't become clear until the turn of the 20th century, when Metchnikoff highlighted the positive effects of some gut micro flora on the host and proposed that consuming fermented milk products could lessen this alleged auto-intoxication. The most commonly utilized probiotic strains include Lactobacillus, Bifid bacterium, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, Bacillus, and yeasts. Probiotics have recently attracted a lot of attention in the field of microbiology, particularly in light of their function in healthy physiology and the effects they have on people's health when they are infected. The immunomodulatory, antilipidemic, antitoxin, antibacterial, and anti-allergic characteristics of probiotics are used on purpose. The benefits of probiotics are innumerable. Probiotic use has resulted in positive findings in a large number of carefully planned clinical investigations. As a therapeutic alternative, for instance, to treat, prevent, and manage a variety of problems and illnesses, such as gastrointestinal disorders, allergies, urogenital infections, Helicobacter pylori infections, inflammatory bowel syndrome, diarrhea and colon cancer. It raises IgA levels and other immunoglobulins secreted by intestinal mucosal cells and it stimulates interferons to be released locally. It makes it easier for antigens to be transported to the lymphoid cells beneath, increasing antigen absorption in Peyer's patches. Given that it has the potential to both prevent and treat both communicable and non-communicable human diseases, it has currently emerged as one of the most fruitful and alluring study fields. This concept is supported by various clinical trial results. The outcomes of such extensive research could show improvements in health and quality of life. Their future potential uses include the development of functional foods to improve societal nutrition and health. The facts on probiotics' use in human clinical qualities and their practical applications in the fields of health are all covered in this review. This article summarizes the information that is currently known on the potential health benefits of probiotics.