Vol. 11, Issue 9 (2022)

Author(s):
Meena MK, M Chandra Naik, Shashi Meena and Praveen KG

Abstract:
The growth and development of plant is a complex process and is under the control of three main factors viz., genetics, environment and endogenous growth substances. The genetic factors determine the potentiality of a plant for growth and the fullest expression of this potential in turn is under the control of various environmental factors. As the plant growth and development is a complex process and there are two factors which influence their action and metabolism of plants and thus regulate the developmental pattern of plant. One of them is a system of endogenous chemical messengers, called hormones. The second one comprises more or less interdependent set of external environmental factors such as light, water, temperature and gravity, which play indispensable role in the development as do hereditary factors which have been transmitted from its biological parents. The enhanced productivity of crop through physiological approaches is chiefly achieved by coordinating plant processes to synthesize maximum dry matter production and partitioning major quantum of this increased dry matter into effective yield contributing factors. The effect of various growth regulators on morphological characters like plant height, number of branches, days to flower initiation and 50% flowering indicated that these parameters differed significantly due to growth regulators. These effects can also be achieved by certain growth regulators. The success in using these growth regulators depends on several factors such as, the choice of plant growth substances, the purpose for which it is being used, the appropriate concentration and the right time of application.