Vol. 11, Issue 11 (2022)

Crop residues, cow dung, and human excreta are each thought to be available in the nation in large quantities as organic sources. Of these, about one-third of crop wastes, half of the manure from livestock, and 80% of the excreta from people can be used for agriculture. Increasing the use of these resources in agriculture can improved the soil fertility and long-term high productivity. These organic sources will probably become more widely available in the future. According to estimates, every million tonnes more of food grain produced will result in an additional 1.2–1.5 million tonnes of crop residue, and every million more cattle will create an additional 1.2 million tonnes of dry dung annually. Therefore, it is anticipated that all wastes, including crop residues, will provide 5.0, 6.25, and 10.25 million tonnes of NPK in 1991, 2011, and 2030, respectively. The above-mentioned organics were used for vegetable crop production and other grain production to support life on the earth ecosystem.