Vol. 11, Issue 11 (2022)

Author(s):
R Murugaragavan, SR Shri Rangasami, V Arulkumar and D Venkatakrishnan

Abstract:
The crop productivity and soil fertility were enhanced by ecofriendly utilizing organic wastes for efficient ecosystem management and chemical free food production for the people. The organic waste tissues are introduced to soil, they decompose and produce a massive heterogeneous body of carbonaceous substances, as well as microbial organisms. The accessible portions of soil organic matter depend on the various stages of decomposition. Due to their low contents of major nutrients, farm yard manures made from cow dung, other animals' excrement, animal tissues, and excretory products, as well as compost made from rural and urban wastes, crop residues, and green manure are collectively referred to as bulky organic manures. Materials like oil cakes, fish meal, animal meal, poultry manures, and slaughter house wastes, which have relatively higher contents of plant nutrients, are grouped under concentrated organic manures. In general, bulky organic manures are those that include up to two percent nitrogen, while concentrated manures are those that contain more than two percent nitrogen. Organic material, regardless of source or composition, undergoes microbial decomposition when added to the soil and becomes food for microflora and fauna. Even the microbial cells provide future generations of microscopic organisms with carbon. Soil is home to a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungus, algae, and protozoa. Bacteria are found in higher concentrations programme of soil than actinomycetes, fungus, algae, and protozoa.