Vol. 11, Issue 12 (2022)

Author(s):
A. S. Waghmode, V. V. Aware, M. L. Jadhav, P. U. Shahare, Y. P. Khandetod, S. Saxena and B. D. Shinde

Abstract:
VMD and NMD of droplets decide the droplet density, uniformity coefficient and relative span. Hence, in order to avoid air pollution may cause due to air floating droplets and soil pollution may be due to dripping droplets, it is very essential to have droplets of optimum size. The droplet parameters viz. size, density etc. are governed by nozzle and sprayer operating parameters. Hence, it is essential to optimize the spaying parameters, viz droplet size, droplet density, droplet deposition and uniformity coefficient. During the application of spraying due care is not taken particularly in spraying regarding pesticide handling and its application techniques. The harmful effects of pesticides spraying on human health without wearing any protective clothing or safety measures while spraying were resulted into headache 73.8%, skin irritation 62.3%, eye irritation 32.8%, weakness 22.4% and muscle pain 19.1% (Bhandari et al., 2018) ^[20]. Five to ten lakh people around the world per year have experienced pesticide poisoning and about 500 to 1000 people per year experience fatal effects such as cancer, disability, infertility and liver disorders also dermal exposure accounts for 87 to 90% of total exposure of pesticides. Behind the reasons that mentioned prior latest 2017 poisoning and death report from Yavatmal in Maharashtra, farm laborers not taken precautions regarding any protective clothing, protective masks, goggle, hand gloves, cap, boot, apron etc while spraying pesticides on crops also in spite of this use of unscientifically own experience for rampantly spraying mixtures of various pesticide results new highly hazardous compound. At the time of pesticide application not following any safety provision, time of spraying, same person continuously spraying on large areas which keeps the person in constant touch of the poison therefore catalyzing the process of poisoning in the body. Use of improper pesticide application technique in view of volume of spray applied per unit area, use of ultra-low volume sprayer produce dense mist floating in air for long time gets in more quantity in body through inhalation. Hence considering above points of risk identification in mango spraying in Konkan region is essential. Farming without spraying pesticides unheard of, unless it is organic farming. 70 to 80 per cent people encountered health problems caused due to spraying without wearing protective aids but same was reduced after usage of protective clothing. The use of protective equipment against pesticides is indispensable and essential from the preparation/handling regulations of the pesticides spray to the application of diluted formulations. However, even with this protection, workers are not totally immune to the contamination of pesticides. There are several factors that contribute to the loss of efficiency of protective clothing against pesticides, such as field use of protective clothing, activity of application, type of material, seam presence, clothing model, type of formulation used in the application, the process of washing and the ironing of clothes after their use. Hence to assess the suitability of protective clothing, pesticide extraction which is deposited on user clothing during spraying is necessary.