Vol. 12, Issue 2 (2023)

Author(s):
Amit Kumar, Devesh Singh, Gururaj VK, Lipika Sarma, Ankita Lohumi and Shinkesh Yadav

Abstract:
The global productivity and welfare of cattle are at risk due to the current trend of climate change. In order to identify dairy cows that are climate-resilient, this review aims to combine data on the applications of several genetic technologies and statistical models. The various functional and economic characteristics that control milk production have a considerable impact on the price of milk production. Therefore, the discovery of these features may completely alter breeding strategies for dairy calves intended to be climate-resilient. The performance of dairy cattle is also influenced by the genotype-environment interaction, particularly in difficult circumstances. A few biotechnological tools and statistical models, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarray technology, whole transcriptome analysis, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have been developed as a result of recent advances in molecular biology and can be used to measure the molecular mechanisms that control the dairy cows' capacity for climate resilience. Additionally, selection signatures can aid in defining functionally significant regions of the genome that can be utilised to identify prospective loci and candidate genes that have experienced positive selection in complicated dairy bovine milk production variables. To breed dairy calves that are climate robust, these found biomarkers can be included into the current breeding practises via genomic selection.