Vol. 12, Issue 3 (2023)

Author(s):
Akshita Chauhan and Arifuzzaman Sagor

Abstract:
Over 10 million metric tons of protein are produced worldwide from cottonseed, making it a sustainable source of plant protein. But it also contain gossypol, which is a toxic compound that can adversely affect the quality of the protein isolate. A cottonseed that contains less than 0.45% gossypol is said to be quite suitable for human and animal consumption, as it contains a high amount of protein, edible oil, and energy. Degossypolyzation processes still heavily rely on solvent extraction, although gamma irradiation and the use of microorganisms are gaining popularity. Degossypolization and better cottonseed protein (CSP) use for human nutrition may both benefit from the integration of chemical and biological approaches. In this review, techniques are described that can enhance the quality of cottonseed meal for human nutrition by lowering the gossypol content to levels that are within acceptable ranges (450 ppm). The findings of this study suggest that detoxification is a crucial step in improving the quality of cottonseed protein isolate, and the use of the alkali treatment method can be a promising approach for this purpose. Additionally, it also provide valuable insights into the potential applications of protein of cottonseed isolate in food industries and highlight the importance of appropriate detoxification methods to enhance its functionality. This research can contribute to the development of a sustainable and cost-effective source of protein for various food applications.