Vol. 12, Issue 4 (2023)

Author(s):
Jayesh B Kadavala, Dr. MB Patel, Dr. PK Parmar and Dr. Kalyanrao Patil

Abstract:
Seed ageing is a natural process that causes the decline in seed viability and vigor over time, leading to reduced germination and seedling establishment. This phenomenon is of great concern to plant breeders and seed producers, as it affects seed quality and consequently, crop yield. The physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying seed ageing have been extensively studied in recent years. Physiologically, ageing seeds undergo a series of complex biochemical changes, including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, and changes in the antioxidant system. These changes result in reduced energy metabolism, decreased membrane integrity, and impaired germination potential. At the molecular level, ageing seeds experience alterations in gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin modification, affecting the regulation of stress response and development pathways. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of seed ageing, numerous studies have employed omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides an overview of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of seed ageing, with a focus on recent advances in the field. Understanding the mechanisms of seed ageing can help develop strategies to improve seed quality and increase crop productivity.