Vol. 7, Issue 4 (2018)

Author(s):
Komal

Abstract:
Imidacloprid and other insecticides are responsible for immunosuppression, hormone disruption, diminished intelligence, reproductive abnormalities, cancer etc. Hepatotoxicity is the primary effect observed in the imidacloprid toxicity however; oxidative stress, nephrotoxic and immunotoxic effects are also observed. Biochemical studies revealed significantly higher activities of mean serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase and serum glucose, creatinine, total lipid and cholesterol level in imidacloprid intoxicated animals and birds. The study of oxidative stress parameters revealed alterations in blood glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Immunological studies revealed the significant decrease in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, stimulation index of T-lymphocytes to PHA, phagocytic activity, chemokinesis and chemotaxis in imidacloprid treated animals. Lymphoid organs such as thymus and spleen tissues showed lymphocytic depletion with pyknotic nuclei in the imidacloprid treated group of experimental animals.