Vol. 12, Issue 5 (2023)

Author(s):
Swetha MP

Abstract:
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a widespread and serious public health issue that disproportionately affects women and children in impoverished nations. The prevalence, causes, and effects of IDA, as well as current efforts for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, are summarised in this review study. Several electronic databases were used to conduct a thorough search of the literature, which included both primary research studies and review articles. Our data suggest that IDA is a complex illness caused by a number of variables such as insufficient iron intake, poor iron absorption, increased iron needs, and chronic blood loss. IDA can have serious implications, such as poor cognitive function, decreased physical performance, and an increased risk of infection. The use of laboratory testing to confirm the diagnosis and the delivery of iron supplements, either orally or intravenously, are effective techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of IDA. IDA prevention is also critical, and it may be accomplished by a mix of dietary interventions, such as iron-fortified foods, and public health measures, such as routine iron supplementation programmes for high-risk groups. Overall, this review emphasises the significance of IDA as a substantial public health concern, as well as the urgency of continuing efforts to address this illness through better prevention, diagnostic, and treatment measures.