Vol. 12, Issue 5 (2023)

Author(s):
Susmita Majumder, Santanu Nath, Lata Kant, Anamika Pandey, Neha Rajawat and Shweta Sharma

Abstract:
Adipose tissue found in bone marrow has received a lot of interest lately. It serves as a source of energy as well as vital immunological, paracrine, and endocrine functions. BMAT (bone marrow adipose tissue) is a heterogeneous tissue that is primarily present in the iliac crest, vertebrae, and the medullary canal of the long bones (tibia, femur, and humerus). Age-related adipogenesis in bone marrow cavities can also be a symptom of diseases such diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM), type 2 diabetes, anorexia nervosa, oestrogen and growth hormone deficiency, decreased haematopoiesis, and osteoporosis. Impaired bone health is linked to higher marrow fat levels. Greater marrow fat has been linked to circulating lipids, growth hormone changes, visceral obesity, and hypoleptinemia. This study tries to explain the composition, control, and origin of bone marrow fat. Preadipocyte factors like the crucial transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha or beta (C/EBP alpha or beta) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) are in charge of forming bone marrow adipose tissue. Bone fragility, which is mostly brought about by decreased bone mass and increased bone marrow adipose tissues, is one of the most significant side effects of high BMAT. To fully understand BMAT's intended role and to exploit it as a therapeutic target for conditions like diabetes, more research is required.