Vol. 12, Issue 6 (2023)

Author(s):
Suhail Quyoom Wani, Tanveer Ahmad Wani, Tariq Rasool, Kamran Muneer, Tajamul Mansoor, Zafir Ahmad Naik, Shahid Mushtaq, Sameer Malik and Muzamil Muzaffar

Abstract:
Plants are attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi. Synthetic fungicides have been used to manage plant diseases for a long time. Despite the fact that synthetic fungicides are quite effective, frequent use has resulted in issues such environmental contamination, the emergence of resistance, and residual toxicity. The sequential emergence of variant genotypes of these pathogens with decreased sensitivity to methyl benzimidazole carbamates, demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors-the most potent single-site fungicides-illustrates an ongoing evolutionary process in response to the introduction and use of various chemical classes. Although it is now possible to detect and track the prevalence of resistance in field populations more quickly and precisely thanks to analysis of the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of resistance, it is still difficult to forecast when or where resistance will arise. It is examined to what extent pathogen comparison, laboratory mutagenesis investigations, fitness assessments and the reconstruction of evolutionary routes can increase the predictability of resistance evolution. Currently, risk models are being improved to incorporate new characteristics related to the pace of pathogen evolution, which are based on the life cycles of fungi, the characteristics of fungicides, and exposure to fungicides. To extend the useful life of fungicides and ensure their continued use in crop protection, comprehensive resistance management based on solid scientific data is essential.