Vol. 12, Issue 6 (2023)

Author(s):
Dipayan Sarkar, Arpita Mandal Khan, Oendrilla Chakraborty, Indrajit Sarkar and Soumen Maitra

Abstract:
Every culture has a tale and a connection to colours. Generally speaking, a dye is a coloured material with an affinity for the substrate it is being applied on. Since the dawn of humanity, colourants have been used to paint and dye objects, people, and clothing. The walls of Spain's Altamira cave contain the earliest documentation of human usage of colourant materials, which goes back to between 1500 and 900 BC. Natural colour shares (39%) over synthetic colour shares (37%). Over 35 million people are directly employed in the industry, which also contributes roughly 17% to the nation's export profits, 14% to industrial production, and 4% to the GDP. India exports textiles for around 27% of its overall foreign exchange earnings. Genetic engineering is required to create effective dye plant production systems and to increase the quality and output of dye from the selection of dye-yielding plants or conventional breeding.