Vol. 12, Issue 7 (2023)

Author(s):
Nikhil Patil

Abstract:
Chickpea protein has emerged as a promising and versatile ingredient in the food industry, playing a pivotal role in formulating meat analogs and a wide range of plant-based products. As global concerns regarding the environmental and health impacts of animal-based protein consumption continue to rise, the demand for sustainable and nutritious plant-based alternatives has escalated. Chickpea protein, derived from the leguminous crop Cicer arietinum, offers a compelling solution to meet these evolving consumer preferences. This review paper provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of chickpea protein and its significance in human nutrition and the food industry. It delves into the nutritional properties of chickpea protein, highlighting its high protein content, complete amino acid profile, and rich source of essential nutrients. The protein content in chickpeas ranges from 19% to 25%, making them one of the highest-protein legumes available. The review explores traditional and modern methods of chickpea protein extraction, including milling and sieving, water extraction, acid extraction, alkaline extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and ultrafiltration. Each extraction technique is evaluated in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, offering insights into the advancements and challenges in protein isolation. Chickpea protein's functional properties, such as its ability to form gels, provide texture, and emulsify fats and water, make it an excellent ingredient for creating meat analogs with meat-like texture and mouthfeel. Additionally, its emulsifying and binding capabilities allow for the formulation of cohesive and satisfying plant-based products. The protein's versatility enables its use in various forms, such as isolates, concentrates, and textured proteins, contributing to the development of a diverse array of plant-based foods, including dairy alternatives, snacks, frozen desserts, nutritional supplements, and gluten-free products. Furthermore, this paper highlights the nutritional and health benefits of chickpea protein, including its role as a complete protein, supporting muscle growth and repair. Chickpea protein's impact on heart health, blood sugar management, weight management, digestive health, antioxidant properties, and bone health are discussed, showcasing its potential role in promoting overall well-being.