Vol. 12, Issue 8 (2023)

Author(s):
Sumit Singh, Vijay Bahadur, Gaurav Singh Vishen and Sudhir Kumar Mishra

Abstract:
In the present era, virtually all plants and their constituents have become valuable resources for generating cell cultures, which have gained recognition as crucial research instruments. Moreover, numerous in vitro techniques have become commonplace in the horticulture industry. Commercial plant growers are employing tissue culture techniques and principles to propagate a diverse array of plants clonally. Additionally, various in vitro methods are employed to produce pathogen-free stocks, effectively compensating for yield and quality losses incurred due to diseases. The combination of cryogenics and in vitro approaches shows promise in transporting and preserving germplasm. For the past five decades, embryo cultures have been the standard practice in plant breeding endeavors. However, there are other techniques that hold great potential for inclusion in the plant breeder's toolkit. These techniques include in vitro fertilization using ovary and ovule cultures, the production of haploid plants from anthers and microspores, mutagenesis using cell cultures, somatic hybridization, and gene transfer using protoplasts. Furthermore, there have been promising developments in harvesting cultured plant cells and organs for their medicinal and associated compounds. Nevertheless, refining this technique for practical applications remains an ongoing area of improvement.