Vol. 12, Issue 8 (2023)

Author(s):
Aprajita Jindal

Abstract:
Zinc, an indispensable micronutrient crucial for human health, plays a pivotal role in diverse physiological processes, encompassing immune function, growth, and cognitive development. Despite its profound significance, zinc deficiency remains a pressing global public health concern, particularly affecting populations heavily reliant on legumes and cereals as staple foods. This review paper delves into the importance of zinc fortification as an effective strategy to combat zinc deficiency in vulnerable populations. The review commences by examining the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associated health implications, underscoring the challenges in attaining adequate zinc intake through conventional dietary practices. Inherent limitations in zinc content in staple foods, constraints in dietary diversity, and the prevalence of vegetarian diets are identified as major contributors to zinc deficiency. To address this nutritional concern, the significance of fortifying legumes and cereals with zinc is highlighted. Biofortification, fortification during processing, and genetic modification are explored as viable techniques to augment zinc content and bioavailability in these staple foods. Scientific evidence is presented to underscore the benefits of zinc-fortified legumes and cereals in ameliorating zinc status and related health outcomes. Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, infants, and children, are shown to experience significant improvements in immune function, growth, and cognitive development through enhanced zinc intake. The review further examines future prospects and innovations in zinc fortification techniques. Emerging research in biofortification, nutrient-enhanced agronomy, and the potential of novel technologies, such as nanotechnology and biotechnology, offer promising avenues to effectively address zinc deficiency. However, the large-scale implementation of zinc fortification necessitates the overcoming of barriers and challenges. In conclusion, zinc fortification presents a potent and sustainable approach to enhance zinc nutrition and foster improved health outcomes for vulnerable populations worldwide. By integrating cutting-edge research, innovative technologies, and strategic interventions, the global community can work towards alleviating the burden of zinc deficiency and advancing public health. Continued efforts in research, policy support, and public engagement are crucial to fully realize the potential of zinc fortification in enhancing human health and well-being.