Vol. 12, Issue 8 (2023)

With the progression in next-generation sequencing technology, leading to millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms in all crop species as well as wheat, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has become a leading approach for characteristic categorization. Development of hybrid wheat is based on scoring relative importance globally because it assures increased and more sustainable yield than other varieties. Extrusion of anther is a characteristic which can be determined optically valuing the intensity of conferred anthers exterior to the glumes of the florets. Genetic compositions were optically evaluated for extrusion of anthers by making use of scale from 1-9 with 1 indicating minute or only the tip of anther can be seen and 9 indicating large numbers of anther completely present outside of the floret. Association mapping have three major advantages as compared to genetic mapping based on bi-parent population crosses. These are; - 1) larger & high pool of various representative genes can be surveyed. 2) It by passes the expenditure and time of mapping population studies which otherwise required in making the cross and generation advancement. 3) Mapping of maximum parameters in one set. In addition to this the other benefits is the finer mapping focus as compared to conventional breeding through mapping. Adoption of genome-wide association studies was united with gene regulatory set of connections and pathway analyses or epistatic interactions analyses; all these have taken the relationship mapping move toward to new heights in improvement of wheat production.