Vol. 12, Issue 10 (2023)

Author(s):
Shakti Om Pathak, SKS Chandel, Manjri, Preeti Singh, Debabrata Dhar, Shudhanshu Chaturvedi and Brijesh Kumar Pandey

Abstract:
Nano-fertilizers, a rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology in agriculture, hold promise for addressing global challenges in sustainable food production. This comprehensive review highlights the recent developments and potential benefits of nano-fertilizers in enhancing nutrient efficiency and crop productivity. Nano-fertilizers encompass a diverse range of engineered nanomaterials designed to encapsulate, deliver, and release nutrients in a controlled manner. This controlled release mechanism offers several advantages, including reduced nutrient loss due to leaching and volatilization, minimized environmental impact, and improved nutrient uptake by plants. In this review, we delve into the various types of nano-fertilizers, including nanocomposites, nano capsules, and nanocoated fertilizers, elaborating on their synthesis methods and physicochemical properties. We explore the mechanisms behind the controlled release of nutrients facilitated by nanomaterials, emphasizing their role in optimizing nutrient availability in soil and promoting plant growth. Furthermore, we discuss the interactions between nano-fertilizers and plant root systems, shedding light on how nanotechnology can enhance nutrient uptake efficiency through improved root adhesion and elongation. The influence of nano-fertilizers on soil properties and microbial communities is also addressed, emphasizing the potential benefits for soil health and fertility. We review recent studies that investigate the effects of nano-fertilizers on crop yield, nutritional quality, and stress tolerance. These studies collectively underscore the substantial potential of nano-fertilizers in mitigating nutrient deficiencies and bolstering global food security. However, the review also critically examines the challenges and concerns associated with the widespread adoption of nano-fertilizers, including potential environmental risks and regulatory considerations. The interactions of nanoparticles with the soil ecosystem and potential long-term effects on ecosystems are important areas of concern that warrant further research. In conclusion, nano-fertilizers represent a cutting-edge approach to revolutionize conventional agricultural practices by addressing nutrient inefficiencies and minimizing environmental impacts. While substantial progress has been made, continued interdisciplinary research efforts are necessary to unlock the full potential of nano-fertilizers, ensuring their safe and effective integration into modern agriculture.