Vol. 12, Issue 10 (2023)

Author(s):
Bharti Yadav, Kiran Dhatterwal, Rakesh Kr Prajapat, Garima Vaishnav, RS Sain and Manas Mathur

Abstract:
Callus is an unorganized tissue mass growing on the solid substrate. It is a group of cells derived from competent source tissue that is cultured under in-vitro conditions to form an undifferentiated mass of cells. In this study/thesis the Effect of green synthesis of copper nanoparticles on callus induction and quantification of phenolics was observed in Sorghum bicolor for abiotic stress tolerance. Studies on micropropagation of callus culture was undertaken. In which explants were inoculated in MS medium fortified with various concentration of 2,4-D, auxin (IAA, NAA and IBA), cytokinin (BAP and Kn), along with that callus induction was also observed using 2,4-D alone. The best callus induction was observed on the medium supplemented with BAP 1.0 mgL^-1+ IAA 2.0 mgL^-1 and BAP 1.0 mgL^-1+ IAA 0.1 mgL^-1 and BAP 1 mgL^-1+2 mgL^-1NAA respectively and also the growth index of best callus was measured at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The best callus was sectored into small pieces and further transferred to the different concentration of copper nanoparticles (i.e., 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg) and reported novel successful in-vitro effects of Cu-NPs on callus of Sorghum bicolor to enhance phenolic contents which are important compounds in pharmaceutical industries especially anti-oxidant medicaments. Different concentration and combinations of cytokinins and auxins were again used that were involved in triggering shoot and root generation from callus respectively. The medium with highest concentration of BAP + KN (1.0+0.2); BAP + NAA (1.0+0.2); BAP + KN + NAA (2.0+1.0+0.2) achieved the maximum and multiple shooting. Furthermore, decreasing the concentration of these PGRs also reduced the number of regenerated shoots. Excised shoots from Sorghum bicolor were rooted on full strength MS medium with the combination of highest concentration of IBA (3 mg L^-1) when given in combination with NAA (0.5 mg L^-1) showed maximum roots. In the study the optimal ratio of cytokinins and auxins was taken that promoted the growth of shoots and roots respective of the higher concentration of cytokinins and auxins in the callus.