Vol. 12, Issue 11 (2023)

Author(s):
Dr. Alka Parmar

Abstract:
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted bioactivities of soy protein-derived peptides, shedding light on their potential applications in various aspects of human health. Soybean, known for its rich composition, offers numerous health benefits through its bioactive peptides. Soy protein, a complete protein source, provides essential amino acids and is associated with various positive health effects, including antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, osteoporosis prevention, and cancer risk reduction. The fermentation process enhances the peptide content in soy products, with microbial enzymes playing a pivotal role in peptide formation. Enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein releases a diverse range of bioactive peptides with various physiological activities, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, and hypolipidemic effects. These peptides originate from soy protein sources like β-conglycinin and glycinin, contributing to their unique functionalities. Soy-derived peptides also exhibit antioxidative properties by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative damage. Additionally, some peptides can bind to phospholipids, lowering cholesterol levels. These bioactive peptides have demonstrated anti-obesity effects by influencing gene expression in adipose tissue and anti-inflammatory activity through inflammation modulation. Furthermore, they show anti-cancer potential, particularly in the prevention of colon and liver tumorigenesis. They serve as valuable antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, making them useful in various applications. Certain peptides also exhibit immunomodulatory properties, affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses. Hypocholesterolemic peptides derived from soy play a crucial role in addressing cardiovascular diseases by reducing serum cholesterol levels, primarily by inhibiting apolipoprotein B secretion and sterol biosynthesis. This review highlights the diverse health-promoting aspects of soy protein-derived bioactive peptides.