Vol. 13, Issue 3 (2024)

Author(s):
Shingini Sharma, Aditi Sharma, Honey Krishna Gaur, Kusum Rani, Rashmi Tyagi, Shyam Tripathi and Rajesh Kumar

Abstract:
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial species is an evolutionary process which has been proliferated by the improper use and over use of therapeutic agents. AMR involve the transfer of microbes and genes between human animal and the environment. AMR being a global public and animal health concern is influenced by the prevalence of antimicrobial in all ecosystems comprising human, animals and environment. Here we describe the present situation of AMR with One Health perspective which includes inter-sectoral approach to tackle the human and animal health together in interaction with the environment in an integrated manner. The increasing bacterial resistance and the loss of antibiotic effectiveness is a significant challenge for both animal health and public health safety. The existence of Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) go hand in hands since the antibiotics were discovered as the therapy for the dreadful human infections. Though the resistance was noticed just after the few years of initiation of antibiotic use as a therapy in human but the infections caused by resistant bacteria was significantly increased in later years as a result the treatment of infections became difficult. In present world the constant increase in AMR and failure of existing antibiotics in treating the diseases is posing a serious threat of reversal of world to pre-antibiotic era. Antimicrobial compounds are widely used in human and veterinary medicine since middle of the twentieth century for treatment of various diseases as a result there is increasing resistance in microbes towards them in both the ecosystems. The different ecosystems comprising human, animals and environment are interconnected in one or other way so the transmission and exchange of bacteria and other microbes among them is continuous so AMR problem is no longer limited to human only but involves the other ecosystem as well so the medical science alone is not sufficient to address the issue of AMR but it requires effective collaboration among several disciplines to tackle this challenge. In summary we provide the important information about the Antimicrobial resistance and its effect on the health of people, animals, and the environment under one health perspective.