Vol. 13, Issue 3 (2024)

Author(s):
Javaid Ahmad Dar, Mohmmad Asif Wani, Wani Barket Ul Islam, Aalia Farooq, Mehvish Mushtaq Banday and Syed Towseef Ahmad

Abstract:
Abiotic stress is a critical limiting factor for crop output, food quality, and global food security. Plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics are all impacted when they are stressed. The loss of soil microbial diversity, soil fertility, and competition for nutrient resources are the main effects of these pressures. Because the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture techniques depletes soil fertility and pollutes the ecosystem. As a result, it is vital to develop more secure and long-term agricultural production methods. Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) and mycorrhizal fungi are used to improve plant development. It provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly means of shielding plants from stress. Plant growth may be aided by PGPM, which regulates plant hormones, improves nutrient acquisition, produces siderophores, and boosts the antioxidant system. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) boost stress tolerance by increasing the delivery of nutrients and water during stressful situations. Because it relies on biological processes and replaces conventional agriculture procedures, this plant-microbe interaction is critical for sustainable agriculture and industrial purposes. As a result, bacteria may play an important role as an ecological engineer in resolving environmental issues.