Vol. 13, Issue 5 (2024)

Author(s):
Suraj Gupta and Sonali Kar

Abstract:
The present investigation entitled “Morphological characterization and variability analysis for yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out at the Instructional cum Research Farm of S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kumhrawand, Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhattisgarh, India. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2022 in an RBD Design to assess the agro-morphological characterization and genetic variability analysis among the forty genotypes of rice and including six popular standard checks. Out of 10 qualitative characters observed basal leaf sheath colour, auricle, leaf blade colour, panicle length, flag leaf length, and flag leaf width recorded the highest variation among genotypes. The observations for this investigation were recorded for various quantitative and quality traits, viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle length, number of effective tillers, number of filled grain/panicle, test weight, biological yield (Kg/ha), paddy length, paddy breadth, kernel length, kernel breadth, paddy length breadth ratio, kernel length breadth ratio, harvest index (%), grain yield (q/ha) were all observed for this study. A wide range of genetic variability was observed for most of the quantitative traits identified. Grain yield (8.74), harvest index (7.67), and number of filled grain per panicle (7.31), biological yield (7.12), flag leaf width (6.05), paddy length breadth (5.75), panicle length (5.15), paddy length (4.85), test weight (4.68), flag leaf length (4.49), kernel length breadth ratio (3.29), plant height (3.27), paddy width (2.86), kernel length (2.81). The analysis of variance revealed extremely significant variations across genotypes for all of the features tested, showing a sufficient degree of variability among the forty-six genotypes. Plant height, flag leaf length, number of filled grains per panicle, number of effective tillers, biological yield, test weight, kernel length, kernel L/B, harvest index, and grain yield all had moderate genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation. This shows that these features could be improved by simple selection. Kernel length had the highest heritability, followed by kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, test weight, plant height, paddy breadth, flag leaf length, and quantity of filled grain per panicle. Test weight had the highest genetic advance as a percentage of the mean, followed by the number of full grains per panicle and grain yield (q/ha). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was reported for character Number of filled grain per panicle, Plant height, Harvest index, Days to 50% flowering. The mean grain yield was 45.09 (q/ha) and it ranged from 28.09 to 61.04. Based on the mean performance of grain yield, genotypes viz., R 2340-267-2-140-1 (61.04 q/ha) Followed by R-BSP-18-3 (60.7 q/ha), R 2220-382-1-243-1 (55.5 q/ha), R 2370-501-1-284-1 (55.2 q/ha) and R 2412-709-1-331-1 (53.5 q/ha). Comparative studies revealed that the genotypes under study showed high grain yield per hectare than the check varieties. High genetic diversity was found between genotypes which may be useful in further breeding programs.