Vol. 8, Issue 2 (2019)

Author(s):
Halyna Dutko

Abstract:
One of the topical problems of modern dentistry is prevention and treatment of diseases of hard tissues of teeth and periodontal tissues in children. This is especially true for children with psycho-neurological disorders. The purpose of the work was to study the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity of children with major dental diseases that suffer from oligophrenia. The material for the study was the microflora of the plaque of the caudal region of the teeth in the examined children. By species composition, 5 types of groupings of microorganisms have been identified. Type 1 refers to representatives of the resident microflora of the oral cavity: lactobacillus, micrococci-producing catalase, as well as Str. salivarius - autochthonous microorganism of the oral liquid and mucous membranes. Type 2 was aerobic bacteria - α-hemolytic streptococci, namely: Str. mutans - the main carious species and Str. sanguis Type 3 includes anaerobic pathogenic bacteria of the genus Peptostreptococcus and the Bacterioidaceae family. In type 4, the bacteria - etiological agents of purulent-inflammatory processes Str. pyogenes and S. aureus. To Type 5 included microorganisms, the presence of which indicates deep disorders of the oral microbial - E. soli and other enterobacteria, as well as the mushrooms of the genus Sandida. Thus, the identification of species that comprise the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity of oligophrenic children, patients with caries and chronic catarrhal gingivitis, can determine the etiological structure of the emergence of major dental diseases in this contingent of patients: low content of symbiotic microflora contributes to the development of oral dysbiosis, streptococcal infection is the cause of development inflammatory process in gums and the emergence of caries of teeth, staphylococcal activation promotes the chronic course of chronic catarrhal gingivitis from ostrennyamy; The association of fungi of the genus Sandida with staphylococci and streptococci leads to the maintenance of chronic inflammatory processes in the periodontal disease. The revealed disturbances of the microbiocenosis of the dental plaque in children with oligophrenia are an unfavorable prognostic criterion for their dental status. The foregoing requires further substantiation and development of treatment and prevention measures that will adequately prevent the development of stomatological diseases in children with mental retardation.