Vol. 9, Issue 3 (2020)

Author(s):
Dr. Arpita Shrivastav and Dr. Neeraj Shrivastav

Abstract:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been a growing threat to the effective treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. Extended spectrum cephalosporins (third generation cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone and cefotaxime) gained widespread clinical use in the early 1980s and were developed due to the increasing prevalence of ampicillin-hydrolysing β-lactamases (TEM-1, TEM-2 and SHV-1) in Enterobacteriaceae, non-glucose fermenting Gram negative bacilli. Among 109 new antibacterial drugs, permitted with in the year 1981–2006, 69% originated from natural products, and 21% of antifungal drugs were natural derivatives or compounds mimicking natural products. Biological activity of flavonoids was first reported in citrus peel and were found to be effective in preventing the capillary bleeding and fragility associated with scurvy. The flavonoids hydroxylating the prenyl groups of stipulin, the compounds obtained, angusticornin B and bartericin A, had a superior antimicrobial activity. Because of the low-toxic nature of flavonoids, the combination of antibiotics and flavonoids is a potential new strategy for developing therapies for infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in the future.