Vol. 9, Issue 10 (2020)

Author(s):
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami, Santosh Namdevrao Ghgare, Seema Shrikant Swami, Kishore J Shinde, Sandeep Baban Kalse and Ishwar Lakhichand Pardeshi

Abstract:
Pigments are present in all living matter and provide attractive colors and play basic but important roles in the development of organisms. Human beings, like most animals, come in contact with their surroundings through color and things can or cannot be acceptable based on their color characteristics. The names of many common pigments reflect historical discoveries rather than a set naming system. The carotene was first isolated from Daucus carota (carrot), violaxanthin from Viola tricolor (pansy), and the common anthocyanidins, pelargonidin, cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin from Pelargonium, Centaurea, Paeonia, Delphinium, Petunia and Malva, respectively. In this paper a review of the various plants pigments have been made. The pigments are in leaves, fruits, vegetables, and flowers and also present in skin, eyes and other animal structures and in bacteria and fungi. Natural and synthetic pigments are used in medicines, foods, clothes, furniture, cosmetics, and in other products. The most noticeable and widespread pigments of plants are chlorophylls. These are cyclic tetrapyrrole pigments chelated with magnesium, and they share structural features with the haem and bile pigments of animals. The flavonoids are phenylpropanoid compounds of widespread occurrence. There are several major classes of flavonoids; however, only a few of these provide pigments to plants, in particular the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins).