Vol. 10, Issue 12 (2021)

Author(s):
BR Bhosale, AR Aher, SS Bhopale, MV Pawar and YV Lokhande

Abstract:
The resistance stability of bread wheat cultivars against Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici was studied. Present investigation was conducted to investigate the anatomical basis of defense mechanism against the stem rust and to estimate the heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters in 9 genotypes of Wheat. The material was evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Rabi, 2019 at PG research farm R.C.S.M, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur. Study of the various quantitative and anatomical characters contributed to wheat resistance. The studies on stem anatomical parameters indicated epidermis thickness, phloem tissue thickness, vascular thickness, ground tissue thickness was found to be more in resistant genotypes (cross: SRRSN 6038 x GW-16-750) than susceptible ones. The average mean performance of F₁ was higher than parents in desired direction for many of the characters suggesting existence of heterotic effects. Cross SRRSN 6038 x GW-16-750 showed maximum ground tissue thickness, numerical superior epidermis thickness, highly significant phloem tissue thickness, highly significant vascular bundle thickness. Only one cross K1314 x SRRSN6038 showed highly significant xylem vessels diameter. The extent and magnitude of various heterotic effect in percentage over mid parent (RH) better parent (HB) and over check hybrid (SH) varied with character to character and cross to cross. Cross SRRSN6038 x GW-16-750 showed best heterotic effect over standard check (SH) for all 9 qualitative and 5 stemanatomical characters. Cross SRRSN 6038 x GW-16-750 showed best heterotic effect over mid parent (RH) as well as over better parent (HB) while, cross SAWYT-HT-74 x SRRSN 6070 showed best heterotic effect over mid parent (RH) as well as over better parent (HB). These results were ensured with the anatomical investigations in which proved that the genotype K 1314 (5R; TR), GW 16-750 (5R; TR), SRRSN 6070 (5R; TR) and cross SRRSN 6038 x GW 16-750 (10R; TR) was resistant at both the locations and were found resistant anatomically for stem rust.