Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 (2022)

Author(s):
Poonam Yadav, Brijesh Yadav, Jitendra Kumar, Nutan Chauhan and Shivika Chouksey

Abstract:
In practically every section of the world, heat stress is one of the most important factors affecting bull reproductive capacity. Because hot, humid circumstances might decrease bull fertility, the current rise in global temperature poses a threat to future livestock output. When the body's natural physiological processes for regulating body temperature are overwhelmed by external factors, heat stress develops. The testes and scrotum each have their own intricate regulatory systems in place to safeguard growing sperm at their most vulnerable phases. Heat stress can affect the bull's endocrine system, causing sperm concentration and quality to drop. The negative effects on fertility may be caused by reactive oxygen species' effects on sperm DNA or by a disruption in the generation of antioxidants that normally preserve sperm from oxidative assault. The form of the sperm cell head and tailpiece can be changed by heat stress. Testicular degeneration and a decrease in the percentage of normal and viable spermatozoa in the ejaculate can also be caused by high ambient temperature. The purpose of this review is to see how heat stress affected bulls' sperm production.