Vol. 10, Special Issue 12 (2021)

Author(s):
Mahvash Hira Khan, Shantanu Kodape, Rajeshwar Khandare, Aditya Agrawal and Anil Gattani

Abstract:
Electrochemical biosensors were the first of their kind scientifically proposed and massively commercialized biosensors available in different domains. Different aspects of these kinds of biosensors have been researched for a pretty long time. At present, the characteristics of biosensors changed a lot with the introduction of semiconductors and screen-printed electrodes. Biosensors are used in every aspect of human life and almost every industry. Its use in health and wellness, pollution monitoring, food quality monitoring, weather monitoring, wildlife surveillance, and diseases diagnosis is undeniable. In this review, we will discuss the principles and typical applications of electrochemical biosensors. The major challenges to scientists working on the development of electrochemical biosensors include (i) capturing signals (ii) the effective conversion of various signals to electrical, acoustic, gravimetric, or optical signals (this is called the transduction process) (iii) enhancing the performance of transducer by improving the sensitivity, quicker and sharper response time, and shorter detection limit, and (iv) minimizing the size of the bio-sensing devices further with the help of nanomaterial and nanotechnology.