Vol. 11, Special Issue 3 (2022)

Author(s):
Sravani Kottakota and S Borua

Abstract:
A livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation. It is influenced by the Social, Physical, financial, natural and human factors. Increasing industrialization and urbanization has made the livelihoods of the tribal communities unstable and making them insecure and economically deprived. The prevailing situation of hunger, poverty and deprivation experienced by many sections of tribal communities. Hence there was need to assess their livelihood patterns and their extent of livelihood security taking into considerations the various factors affecting them. Hence most tribal populated districts of Odisha were purposively selected to conduct the present study to find out the extent of livelihood security of the tribal farmers. Total four blocks were selected from two districts and in each block two villages were selected, from each village 15 respondents were selected, hence total 8 villages and 120 respondents were selected for the present study. Extent of livelihood security of the tribal farmers in measured using an index developed by Rai et al. (2008) was used with slight modifications and other researchers too used it to study the extent of livelihood security. Index consists of eight components namely, Infrastructure status, Housing status, Economic status, Technology status, Health and Hygiene status, Agriculture status, Employment status and Food and nutritional Status. Overall extent of livelihood security was found as Infrastructure status (79.17%), Housing status(41.67%), Economic status (59.17%), Health and Hygiene status (60.83%), Food and nutritional Status(74.17%) comes under medium category, whereas Technology status(71.67%), Employment status (57.5%), Agriculture status(59.17%) comes under low category.