Vol. 11, Special Issue 5 (2022)

Author(s):
Chethan Swamy Emmadishetty and Deshraj Gurjar

Abstract:
Plant breeding focuses on improving the genetics of plants through hybridization, screening, and the selection of advanced lines. Traditional techniques provide advanced cultivars with desired features, but they take longer to obtain (6 to 12 years). Biotechnology technologies boost breeding procedures by shortening the time it takes to develop better cultivars. Tissue culture, transgenic techniques, and molecular breeding procedures, in addition to traditional methods, can be used to advance varietals. The use of genetic markers to identify traits of interest is the most common biotechnology technique for crop development. Using current biotechnology advances, variety with enhanced abiotic and biotic stress tolerance may be created in far less time and with greater precision.Recent biotechnology techniques can help produce varieties with enhanced abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in less time and with greater precision. Several advanced methods, like nanotechnology and bioinformatics tools, are being used for this purpose, ushering in a new era of genomics-assisted molecular breeding. Biotechnological methods in agriculture are becoming more efficient and productive thanks to advances in next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping.The current study focuses on a broad overview of biotechnological methods in use, attempting to cover every area of biotechnology in crop improvement.