Vol. 11, Special Issue 7 (2022)

Animals: A total of 32 dogs divided into four groups, eight animals in each.

Methods: The dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine in DK, dexmedetomidine and midazolam in DMK, dexmedetomidine, butorphanol in DBK and dexmedetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol intramuscular in DBMK group. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were achieved with ketamine. Onset of sedation, sedation quality, induction of anaesthesia, induction dose, duration of anaesthesia, recovery quality, complete recovery time and adverse effect were recorded.

Results: Significantly longer time was required for onset of sedation in DK and DBK group then DMK and DBMK. Induction of anaesthesia in DBMK group required minimum ketamine dose. Sedation quality was moderate to severe and recovery quality was good to excellent in all dogs. Duration of anaesthesia and recovery time was slightly longer in combination groups. More than half of the dogs included in study urinated during surgical procedure or recovery time.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: It were concluded that dexmedetomidine in combination with butorphanol and midazolam serve as good pre-anaesthetics, produce quick and excellent sedation than dexmedetomidine alone.