Vol. 11, Special Issue 11 (2022)

Author(s):
Muskan Vashishth, Sudhanshu Maheshwari, Raghav Garg, Shilpa Kaushal

Abstract:
Microbes are the most varied category of soil creatures, although little is recognized about them. Until recently, research focused on culturable organisms; however, a lot of information is now being acquired from both culturable and, as of yet, unculturable organisms. The functions of the soil microbial community have an impact on various soil processes and, as a result, productivity. There would be no other life forms without microorganisms and their roles. A better understanding of soil microbial ecology can only improve land management decisions. Low-input agriculture systems seek to reduce the usage of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in order to promote long-term productivity and ecosystem health. Despite the soil microbiome's critical role in agricultural output, we still have a limited grasp of microbial diversity's complex response to organic and conventional farming. The application of high input conventional farming practices, such as synthetic insecticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, genetically modified microorganisms, growth regulators, and other chemicals, has adversely impacted not only soil fertility but also poses serious risks to human health and the environment. Nowadays, organic farming is a viable substitute for traditional farming methods. Using sustainable agricultural practices, organic farming attempts to preserve and improve the health of the land, biodiversity, and natural resources. It plays a vital part in lowering soil erosion, nutrient leaching (especially nitrate and phosphorus), improving soil's ability to retain water, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One of the soil functions that agricultural land offers to civilization is the supply of habitat variety.