Vol. 12, Special Issue 7 (2023)

Author(s):
Ravali Thota and Abhilash Manda

Abstract:
Globally over the last two decades emergence of many zoonotic diseases has observed and India also experienced recently with COVID-19, Nipah, Bird flu, Pandemic H1N1 influenza etc. Brucellosis is one of the world’s neglected zoonotic diseases, which is caused by the genus Brucella. Major factors responsible for the spread of the disease are lack of resources, poor management and lack of awareness. In case of cattle, abortion during last trimester is a predominant sign. Besides this high temperature and decreased production is also observed, while in human’s brucellosis is characterized by undulant fever, Malta fever, general malaise, and arthritis. Isolation and identification of pathogen remain the gold standard test, which needs experience. Brucella abortus, strain 19 and RB51 are the most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine is available either for bovines or human beings which is highly protective, safe and effective. One Health approach can aid in control of brucellosis, both in animals and humans. In this review, several aspects of brucellosis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control are reviewed.