Vol. 12, Special Issue 7 (2023)

Author(s):
Komal Narote, Mahendra Kumar, Nitin Kumar Bajaj, Pushpendra Maravi and Shashank Vishvakarma

Abstract:
This review focuses on innate immunological event modulated by conceptus signalling during early pregnancy in ruminants. All mammals must have proper connection between the growing conceptus and the endometrium of the mother in order to achieve and maintain pregnancy. Ruminant interferon-tau (IFN-) plays an important role in the detection of pregnancy, which entails more than only blocking PGF2α luteolytic pulses to preserve corpus luteum activity. However, the process of conceptus elongation after blastocyst hatching and before implantation is fully controlled by the mother and is necessary to make sure that the developing conceptus secretes enough interferon-tau (IFNT) to block the mechanisms that cause Luteolysis. The production of type I and type II IFNs by trophoblasts during the peri-implantation stage of pregnancy in most mammals is a characteristic that stimulates expression of a variety of IFN-stimulate genes (ISGs). IFN- thus controls the innate immune system and prevents conceptus rejection by paracrine and endocrine effects. Therefore, this review will address various types of immunological reaction occur during feto-maternal interaction and how the interferon-tau act and prevent early embryonic rejection of conceptus from mother.