Vol. 12, Special Issue 10 (2023)

Author(s):
Siddharth Kumar Jatav, Ravikant, Domendra Dhruve, Priya Singh, Shivam Pandey and Nidhi Dhansukhbhai Patel

Abstract:
Environmental pollution is a worldwide issue, and the most significant pollutants are heavy metals in aquatic networks due to their toxicity, accumulation, and bio-magnification by marine animals. Heavy metals are derived from both natural and manmade sources. Heavy metal contamination in aquatic settings is caused by direct air deposition, geologic weathering, or the discharge of agricultural, municipal, residential, or industrial waste products, as well as wastewater treatment facilities (WWTPs). Cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, and tin are the heavy metals most typically discovered in fish organisms. Heavy metal toxicity can alter individual development rates, physiological processes, mortality, and reproduction in fish. Heavy metals can enter fish bodies through three routes: the gills, the digestive tract, and the body surface. Heavy metals can interfere with numerous developmental processes throughout the embryonic phase, resulting in a decrease in offspring quantity and quality. Heavy metals have a variety of acute and chronic harmful effects on various human organs. Heavy metals' influence on people includes gastrointestinal and kidney dysfunction, neurological system diseases, skin lesions, vascular damage, immune system malfunction, birth defects, and cancer.