Vol. 12, Special Issue 11 (2023)

Author(s):
Navrose Sangha and Barinder Singh

Abstract:
A naturally occurring tumor known as a transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs is spread from one animal to another during mating by viable tumor cells. This cancer, which affects dogs, is also referred to as Sticker's sarcoma or Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT). The internal genital organs may also rarely be affected; it mainly affects the external genitalia. Hemorrhagic discharge is frequently associated with TVTs located on mucosal or membrane-based surfaces such as the genital, oral and nasal cavities. Cytological examination revealed presence of pleomorphic cells with round and eccentric nucleus, moderate anisocytosis, high N:C ratio and vacuolated cytoplasm with distinct cell borders. In histopathological examination, neoplastic cells arranged in solid sheets or in cords interlaced by connective tissue stroma, cells are round in shape with prominent nucleoli, clear or finely granular cytoplasm and coarse chromatin. After diagnosis follow-up appointments for treatment will ultimately aid in the tumor's eventual elimination from the affected area. Treatment usually works well for it and dogs that have spontaneous regression develop immunity against more tumor threats in the future. In tropical and sub-tropical metropolitan regions, dogs' external genitalia are most frequently affected by this kind of tumor. Because of its high contagiousness among dogs and its ability to spread to other wild canids like foxes, jackals and coyotes, its geographical frequency among stray dog populations in these locations is noteworthy. Strict control measures for stray dog populations should be implemented by government policies to successfully reduce the spread of disease. Its high occurrence can be attributed to unrestricted sexual behavior and a sizable stray dog population. The majority of cases of this tumor are seen in sexually active canines, both male and female, usually between the ages of 2 and 8 years.