Vol. 12, Special Issue 11 (2023)

Author(s):
Dr. Krishna D Kurubetta, Dr. Kumar CJ and Dr. Sourabh Munnoli

Abstract:
In the post green revolution era, agro-horti and agro-forestry systems are becoming prominent areas within the agriculture sector to ensure food, wood, shelter, nutrition, and environmental security and it begins and ensures for the evergreen revolution. Compared to shifting agriculture, which results in higher annual runoff and soil loss (7.0% and 40.9 t ha^-1, respectively), agri-horti system will experience lower runoff and soil loss (3.5% and 3.0 t ha^-1, respectively). By producing maximal biomass (127.0 t ha^-1) and carbon stock (60.32 t C ha^-1), the mango+wheat intercropping system may contribute to greater CO₂ mitigation (221.37 t ha^-1) in the atmosphere. It will improve biodiversity; in an intercropping system of citrus and maize, the number of coccinellid beetle predators, resulting in a considerable decrease in infestation of citrus leaves. Ber, fenugreek and okra produced better economic returns than other combinations, with the highest gross returns (₹ 9,82,275 ha^-1) and net returns (₹ 8,09,215) and BCR (4.68) compared to other intercropping systems.