Vol. 12, Special Issue 12 (2023)

Author(s):
Dr. Smita Agrawal and Syed Shaheem Muzafer

Abstract:
Addressing the potential ecological disaster resulting from existing environmental damage and global warming requires exploring alternatives to traditional carbon manufacturing methods involving coal and petrochemicals. A promising solution lies in the conversion of renewable resources, specifically biomass. To minimize energy consumption and pollutant emissions, there is a need for efficient processes that derive carbon from renewable sources. Biochar, a carbon-rich substance derived from various organic waste feedstocks like municipal sewage sludge and agricultural waste, emerges as a noteworthy option. Its unique qualities, such as high carbon content, cation exchange capacity, specific surface area, and stable structure, make biochar a subject of increasing interest. Its low thermal conductivity, high porosity, renewability, stability, and bulk density further contribute to its suitability in various applications. Notably, biochar not only enhances seed quality and efficiency but also indirectly increases organic carbon levels in the soil, garnering widespread acceptance as a sustainable carbon material. This review comprehensively explores the synthesis, characterization, modification, and diverse applications of biochar.