Vol. 12, Special Issue 12 (2023)

Author(s):
Satheesha SP, Narayana Bhat M, Sagar RS, Jagadish B Hiremath and Nagappa S Karabasannavar

Abstract:
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders till date are the major burden worldwide and associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity in animal community. Rapid diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment are vital to reduce the risk of poor outcome; however, diagnostic techniques are lacking behind for the accurate diagnosis of disease/ disorders caused by certain infection, assess severity of injury, and predict prognosis. Various Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system related biomarkers are in regular use in human medicine. However, the application of these neuronal biomarkers in veterinary practice is in primitive stage. The present review article discusses the clinical implications of various biomarkers more specific to diseases and disorders related to nervous system in animals viz., Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), neurofilament subunit NF-H, myelin basic protein (MBP), S100β, neuron specific enolase (NSE), tau protein, alpha II spectrin, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), creatine kinase BB, Matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) etc., present in the body fluids of animals related to the nervous disorders in animal practice. However, a single biomarker does not have sufficient sensitivity and specificity to diagnose and determine prognosis, a combination of biomarkers may prove to be more valuable than a single biomarker. Interpretation of mechanisms by which combinations of these biomarkers are affected by disease and intervention may assist the development of novel therapeutic approaches for CNS diseases in veterinary clinical management of neurological complications.