Vol. 12, Special Issue 12 (2023)

Author(s):
P Senthamil Selvan, K Rajalakshmi, E Raja Ravi Teja, S Ushakumary and M Sivakumar

Abstract:
The uterus undergoes periodic changes in its morphology during every estrous cycle and is controlled by the ovarian hormones after puberty. In the absence of ovarian hormones, the weight of the uterus reduces. This reduction is drastic in the first week and is approximately 72% of its original weight (at estrous) with an additional 7% in the end of the second week post surgery. Histological changes revealed a reduction in the surface epithelial cell height from tall columnar epithelium in control animals to cuboidal/short columnar epithelial cells with limited cytoplasm in OVX mice. The proprial glands are fewer and smaller without any secretion inside their lumen. Their reduction is more than 22% and 33% against control group after 1st and 2nd week respectively. The stromal cellular density is normal but with few blood vessels. The stromal cells are polymorphic, basophilic with limited cytoplasm. The thickness of the endometrium reduced 63% and 66% after 1st and 2nd week of ovariectomy. Its % relative surface area is 33.5% and 32.7% in these animals. The myometrial thickness reduced to 30% and 32% post ovariectomy at first and second week respectively. The myometrial smooth muscle cells showed a distinct, elongated and central basophilic nucleus with narrow, peripheral eosinophilic cytoplasm. Their percentage relative surface area is comparatively more and is 54.4% and 54.7% due to an atrophied endometrium in these animals.