Vol. 12, Special Issue 12 (2023)

Author(s):
Neelam Kumari, BL Ayare, HN Bhange, PM Ingle and MC Kasture

Abstract:
Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are vital tools for gathering and analyzing extensive geographical data. Globally available digital elevation models (DEMs), like those from satellite launches, help characterize watersheds of any size by computing morphometric parameters crucial for effective watershed management. The present study investigated the application of remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) in computing morphometric parameters for the Kal River basin in the Raigad district, Maharashtra, India. The AW3D30 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) obtained from satellite data was utilized to delineate the Kal River basin in ArcGIS 10.8.1 software. The study computed 28 morphometric parameters to analyze various aspects of the basin. The total drainage area of the Kal River basin was determined to be 457.82 km², signifying the extent of the basin. It was classified as a 5th order basin based on the Strahler stream order classification. In linear aspects, the mean bifurcation ratio (2.17), stream length ratio (0.7 to 1.1) etc were calculated. These values suggest that the basin is less structurally disturbed and in the initial stage of geomorphic development. In areal aspects, drainage density (0.877 Km−1), stream frequency (1.11 Streams/Km2) etc indicate that the basin has highly permeable subsurface strata with a coarser texture, resulting in less runoff potential and longer flow paths. In areal aspects, Form factor (0.25), Elongation ratio (0.56) indicate an elongated basin shape with less likelihood of attaining a flatter peak in flood hydrograph. In relief aspects, relief ratio (0.02), relative relief (1.06 m/km), ruggedness number (1.01), time of concentration (14 hr 54 min) provide information about the basin's relief characteristics. A statistical study indicates a strong correlation between stream order and both stream number and stream length. The shape of the hypsometric curve reflects the erosive phases within the Kal River basin. The Kal river basin exhibited complex physiographic and geological characteristics, contributed by presence of the Sahyadri ranges, mafic dyke’s swarms and Tapi fault. This study's findings suggest the necessity of implementing measures to conserve water and soil resources for the watershed's sustainable long-term development.