Vol. 10, Special Issue 11 (2021)

Author(s):
Amit Kumar, Sunil Punia and Umed Singh Mehra

Abstract:
Since males are responsible for 90% of a herd’s genetics, choosing more fertile and precocious bulls is highly important. The basic criterion in assessing normality of the reproductive tract follows a rigorous evaluation of the reproductive organs regarding their position, shape, dimensions, symmetry, consistency, and relation with other organs. Aspects intrinsic to the animal, such as breed and age, are important during the assessment, besides environmental factors such as nutritional and sanitary management. Thus, knowing the morphological aspects of the genital system enables one to identify the organic changes and their relations with subfertility and infertility, as well as adopting therapeutic measures aiming at increasing animal reproductive efficiency in case the pathology is treatable and reversible.